Data Sets

Neuroimaging data are included from five scanner sessions, each with anatomical, functional, and/or color map data. The data can be found in the folder named Data_Sets on this CD. Each data set contains a text file description, as well as a descriptive XML header. Images are saved in the common Analyze format (*.img), which is readable by many common statistical packages.

Anatomical Data 1
This data set consists of a single high-resolution anatomical volume.
Functional Data 1
This data set is from a blocked design motor response task.
Functional Data 2
This data set consists of 50 volumes of functional data taken from a single run from one subject. At the time of acquisition, there was intermittent electrical noise that caused spikes during data acquisition.
Anatomical Data 3
This data set consists of four high-resolution anatomical volumes.
Functional Data 3
Each of these data sets consists of a set of volumes of functional data taken from one run of a motor response task done by one subject.
Anatomical Data 4
This data set consists of three high-resolution anatomical volumes.
Functional Data 4
Each of these data sets consists of a set of volumes of functional data taken from one run of a motor response task done by one subject.
Color Map Data 4
This data set is based on an analysis of four runs of a motor response-task. The data set consists of a single volume, in which each voxel displays the result of a t-test of that voxel's average response to the target stimuli.
Anatomical Data 5
This data set consists of two high-resolution anatomical volumes.
Functional Data 5
Each of these data sets consists of a set of volumes of functional data taken from one run of a word association task done by one subject.
Color Map Data 5
This data set is based on an analysis of four runs of a sentence association task.
Epoch Matrix
This file contains a single MATLAB variable showing activity in occipital lobe voxels across a set of visual-stimulation trials.
Blocked Timing
This file contains an averaged epoch of 30 time points collected using fMRI at 1.5 T from a single voxel within visual cortex.
Event Timing
These three files contain averaged epochs of 35 time points collected using fMRI at 4.0 T.

Anatomical Data 1 

This data set consists of a single high-resolution anatomical volume. The volume was acquired axially, with 90 horizontal slices parallel to the line connecting the anterior and posterior commissures. The images are sensitive to T1-contrast. Functional data from the same subject is given in the data set "FUNC1."

IMAGE PARAMETERS

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence 3D SPGR, with inversion preparation
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 90
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 1.5 mm
Orientation Axial
Contrast sensitivity T1
TR 12000 ms
TE 53

Functional Data 1 

This data set is from a blocked design motor response task. Anatomical data from the same subject is given in the data set "ANAT1."

IMAGE PARAMETERS

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Spiral Gradient-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 64 × 64
Slices (z) 28
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 5 mm
Orientation Axial
TR 2000
TE 40 ms

EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS

A static checkerboard is displayed for the first two TRs (4 s). Alternating blocks begin with the third TR. The first block displays a flashing checkerboard for 10 TRs (20 s). The second block displays a static checkerboard for 10 TRs (20 s). This set of flashing/static blocks is repeated six times. After the final static block, another six TRs (12 s) of flashing checkerboard appear.

Experimental Design

Experimental Design

Functional Data 2 

This data set consists of 50 volumes of functional data taken from a single run from one subject. At the time of acquisition, there was intermittent electrical noise that caused spikes during data acquisition. These spikes resulted in increased intensity at different time points in the raw k-space image, which in turn caused grating pattern artifacts to appear on the reconstructed images. (Note: no task information is included with this data set, as statistical analyses are intractable with the existing artifacts.)

IMAGE PARAMETERS

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Spiral Gradient-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 64 × 64
Slices (z) 14
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 5 mm
TR 2000 ms
TE 40 ms

Anatomical Data 3 

This data set consists of four high-resolution anatomical volumes. The localizer was acquired sagittally. The T1, T2*, and proton density volumes were acquired axially, and are sensitive to the contrasts their names denote. Functional data from the same subject is given in the data set "FUNC3."

IMAGE PARAMETERS — Localizer

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Spin-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 9
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 5 mm
Orientation Sagittal
Contrast sensitivity T1
TR 500 ms
TE 14

IMAGE PARAMETERS — Proton Density

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Reverse Spin-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 7
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 3.8 mm
Orientation Axial
Contrast sensitivity Proton Density
TR 6000 ms
TE 30

IMAGE PARAMETERS — T1

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence 3D SPGR, with inversion preparation
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 7
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 3.8 mm
Orientation Axial
Contrast sensitivity T1
TR 12000 ms
TE 53

IMAGE PARAMETERS — T2

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Reverse Spin-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 7
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 3.8 mm
Orientation Axial
Contrast sensitivity T2*
TR 6000 ms
TE 75

Functional Data 3 

Each of these data sets consists of a set of volumes of functional data taken from one run of a motor response task done by one subject. The first run used a blocked design, while the second used an event-related design. Note that we have extracted seven slices spanning motor cortex from the original 28 slices to reduce the size of the data set on the CD.

IMAGE PARAMETERS — RUN 1 BLOCK

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Gradient-Echo Spiral
Matrix size (x × y) 64 × 64
Slices (z) 7
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 3.8 mm
Orientation Axial
TR 2000
TE 40

IMAGE PARAMETERS — RUN 2 EVENT

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Gradient-Echo Spiral
Matrix size (x × y) 64 × 64
Slices (z) 7
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 3.8 mm
Orientation Axial
TR 2000
TE 40

EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS — RUN 1 BLOCK

A static checkerboard is displayed for the first two TRs (4 s). Alternating blocks begin with the third TR. The first block displays a flashing checkerboard for 10 TRs (20 s). The second block displays a static checkerboard for 10 TRs (20 s). This set of flashing/static blocks is repeated six times. After the final static block, another 6 TRs (12 s) of flashing checkerboard appear.

EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS — RUN 2 EVENT

A static checkerboard is displayed for the first two TRs (4 s). A flashing checkerboard is then displayed for 1 TR (2 s), after which a static checkerboard is displayed for 9 TRs (18 s). This pattern is repeated 12 times, after which a final static checkerboard is displayed for 5 TRs (10 s).

Event-Related Design

Event-Related Design

Event-Related Design

Event-Related Design

Anatomical Data 4 

This data set consists of three high-resolution anatomical volumes. The localizer was acquired sagittally, while the coplanar and whole-brain data sets were aqcuired axially. Functional data from the same subject is given in the data set "FUNC4."

IMAGE PARAMETERS — Localizer

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Spin-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 9
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 5 mm
Orientation Sagittal
Contrast sensitivity T1

IMAGE PARAMETERS — Coplanar

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Gradient-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 21
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 5 mm
Orientation Axial
Contrast sensitivity T1

IMAGE PARAMETERS — Whole-Brain

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence 3D SPGR, with inversion preparation
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 90
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 1.5 mm
Orientation Axial
Contrast sensitivity T1

Functional Data 4 

Each of these data sets consists of a set of volumes of functional data taken from one run of a motor response task done by one subject. Runs 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 used a blocked design. Runs 2, 4, 6, and 8 used an event-related design.

IMAGE PARAMETERS FOR ALL RUNS

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Spiral Gradient-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 64 × 64
Field of view 24
Voxel size (x × y × z) 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 5 mm
Orientation Axial
TR 2000 ms
TE 40
Disdaqs 3

EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS — BLOCK RUNS

A static checkerboard is displayed for the first two TRs (4 s). Alternating blocks begin with the third TR. The first block displays a flashing checkerboard for 10 TRs (20 s). The second block displays a static checkerboard for 10 TRs (20 s). This set of flashing/static blocks is repeated six times. After the final static block, another 6 TRs (12 s) of flashing checkerboard appear.

EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS — EVENT-RELATED RUNS

A static checkerboard is displayed for the first two TRs (4 s). A flashing checkerboard is then displayed for 1 TR (2 s), after which a static checkerboard is displayed for 9 TRs (18 s). This pattern is repeated 12 times, after which a final static checkerboard is displayed for 5 TRs (10 s).

Event-Related Design

Event-Related Design

Event-Related Design

Event-Related Design

Color Map Data 4 

This data set is based on an analysis of four runs of a motor response-task. The data set consists of a single volume, in which each voxel displays the result of a t-test of that voxel's average response to the target stimuli. These average responses are obtained by creating an average epoch for each voxel, which combines the subject's response across all target events at 13 time points around each event. Throughout the experiment, the subject squeezed both hands whenever a flashing checkerboard stimulus was presented.

IMAGE PARAMETERS

Matrix size (x × y) 64 × 64
Slices (z) 21
Voxel size (x × y × z) 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 5 mm
Orientation Axial
TR 2000 ms

For parameters of the images that the analysis was based on, see the data set "FUNC4."

EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS

A static checkerboard is displayed for the first two TRs (4 s). A flashing checkerboard is then displayed for 1 TR (2 s), after which a static checkerboard is displayed for 9 TRs (18 s). This pattern is repeated 12 times, after which a final static checkerboard is displayed for 5 TRs (10s).

ANALYSIS PARAMETERS

An average epoch was created by sampling 13 time points around each target event. The epoch was composed of two time points prior to the event, the event time point, and 10 time points after the event. Target events are defined as the onset of the flashing checkboards. The correlation between the average epoch time-course for each voxel and an empirically determined template hemodynamic response was measured, and then converted into a t-statistic.

Experimental Design

Experimental Design

Anatomical Data 5 

This data set consists of two high-resolution anatomical volumes. A sagittal volume was acquired by combining data from four successive excitations (4 NEX); it has very high signal-to-noise, and was collected to include a vertical slice through the midline of the brain. An axial volume was acquired to be coplanar with the functional data from the same subject given in the data set "FUNC5."

IMAGE PARAMETERS — Sagittal

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Spin-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 7
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 5 mm
Orientation Sagittal
Contrast sensitivity T1
Number of Excitations 4

IMAGE PARAMETERS — Axial

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Spin-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 256 × 256
Slices (z) 16
Field of view 24 cm
Voxel size (x × y × z) 0.9375 mm × 0.9375 mm × 3.8 mm
Orientation Axial
Contrast sensitivity T1

Functional Data 5 

Each of these data sets consists of a set of volumes of functional data taken from one run of a word association task done by one subject. The same event timing was used for all four runs. Data from the same subject is found in the data set "ANAT5."

IMAGE PARAMETERS FOR ALL RUNS

Field Strength 1.5 T
Sequence Spiral Gradient-Echo
Matrix size (x × y) 64 × 64
Field of view 24
Voxel size (x × y × z) 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 3.8 mm
Orientation Axial
TR 1000 ms
TE 40
Time points 240
Disdaqs 6

EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS

The task used a 30 s-on / 30 s-off blocked design. During the task blocks the subject viewed three words, each presented for 10 s. The words were concrete five-letter nouns (e.g., "mouse," "glove"), and the subject repeatedly and covertly generated sentences containing the word, until the next word was presented. For example, following the word "glove," the subject might have generated the following, "My softball glove is missing, although it is probably in the garage. In little league, I had a small glove that developed a tear in the webbing. When it is cold outside, I wear gloves ...."

During the nontask blocks, the subject viewed three non-word letter strings (e.g., NRTWD, LKXCN), but did not generate any associates or pronounce the strings.

The first task block began concurrently with the end of the disdaqs and lasted for 30 volumes (e.g., FUNC5_V0001.img through FUNC5_V0030.img). The first nontask block began immediately thereafter and also lasted for 30 volumes (e.g., FUNC5_V0031.img through FUNC5_V0060.img). The task and nontask blocks alternated for four cycles, for a total of 240 volumes.

Experimental Design

Experimental Design

Color Map Data 5 

This data set is based on an analysis of four runs of a sentence association task. The data set consists of a single volume, in which each voxel displays the result of a t-test comparing that voxel's response during task blocks to its response during nontask blocks.

IMAGE PARAMETERS

Matrix size (x × y) 64 × 64
Slices (z) 16
Voxel size (x × y × z) 3.75 mm × 3.75 mm × 5 mm
Orientation Axial (left side of brain on right side of image)

For parameters of the images that the analysis was based on, see the data set "FUNC5." We have included, for comparison, a second version of the color map that follows preprocessing of original data. Note that the significance values have been greatly increased (see left lateral frontal lobe and anterior temporal lobe).


IMAGE PARAMETERS (After preprocessing)

Matrix size (x × y) 45 × 54
Slices (z) 39
Voxel size (x × y × z) 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm
Orientation Axial (left side of brain on left side of image)

Epoch Matrix 

This file contains a single MATLAB variable showing activity in occipital lobe voxels across a set of visual-stimulation trials. The variable is four-dimensional: x by y by trials by time. Shown is part of a single slice (25 by 15 voxels), cropped to the back of the brain. Data from these voxels was collected for 48 trials, each consisting of 2 TRs before a visual stimulus through 6 TRs after. The data are expressed in arbitrary MR units.

That is, for each voxel there are 48 epochs, each consisting of 9 time points. Each time point corresponds to a 2 s TR.

This collection of trials is useful for calculating the signal-to-noise for individual voxels.

Blocked Timing 

This file contains an averaged epoch of 30 time points collected using fMRI at 1.5 T from a single voxel within visual cortex. The experimental design alternated 24-s periods of a bright flashing checkerboard with 24-s periods of a static checkerboard. The TR was 2 s. The 9th time point in this epoch corresponds to the onset of the flashing block. The values are expressed in proportional signal change; (i.e., 0.01 corresponds to a 1% change).

That is, within this time-course:

The flashing checkerboard evoked significant BOLD activity in this voxel.

Event Timing 

These three files contain averaged epochs of 35 time points collected using fMRI at 4.0 T. The time-courses are averaged from regions of interest in visual cortex within a set of 11 subjects. The experimental design presented a single static checkerboard for 100 ms, 500 ms, or 1500 ms. The TR was 500 ms. The epoch consists of time points from 5 s before stimulus onset through 12 s after stimulus onset. The values are expressed in proportional signal change; i.e., 0.01 corresponds to a 1% change.

That is, within this time-course:

The checkerboard evoked significant BOLD activity in visual cortex at all three stimulus durations.